Practical haemodynamic monitoring: arterial line set-up and damping, what CVP and ScvO2 really mean, fluid responsiveness with PPV and passive leg raise, choosing cardiac output monitors, and using lactate, capillary refill and the CO2 gap to guide resuscitation.
5 topics
- 01
Arterial line waveform and damping
Set up, zero and level an arterial line, read the waveform, and use the fast-flush (square-wave) test to detect over- and under-damping.
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CVP and ScvO2
What CVP and central venous oxygen saturation can and cannot tell you, and how to use them sensibly.
6 stepsAlgorithmNew - 03
Fluid responsiveness: PPV and passive leg raise
Decide whether a patient will increase stroke volume with fluid, using dynamic tests (PPV/SVV, passive leg raise, end-expiratory occlusion, mini-fluid challenge).
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Cardiac output monitoring
Choosing between echo, pulse contour, transpulmonary thermodilution and pulmonary artery catheter, and what each number means.
6 stepsNew - 05
CO2 gap, lactate and perfusion targets
Use lactate, capillary refill time and the venous-arterial CO2 gap together to judge tissue perfusion and guide resuscitation.
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